Germination
Definition: Germination is the process in which a dormant cannabis seed absorbs water, activates its stored energy, splits its shell and pushes out a primary root called the radicle. Healthy seeds usually germinate in 1 to 5 days when kept moist, dark and between 70 and 80°F (21 to 27°C). It ends once the seedling emerges and starts photosynthesis.
How Germination works
Inside every seed is an embryo with a tiny root, a shoot and two seed leaves, packed with stored food. Germination has three phases. First comes imbibition, when the dry seed soaks up water and swells. Next, enzymes switch on and break down stored starches and oils into usable energy. Finally the shell splits along its seam and the radicle, which becomes the taproot, pushes out and turns downward.
What seeds need
- Moisture: damp, never waterlogged. Seeds left sitting in water for more than about 24 hours can run short of oxygen.
- Warmth: 70 to 80°F (21 to 27°C). Below 65°F, germination slows sharply.
- Darkness and calm: light is not needed until the shoot breaks the surface.
Common methods
The paper towel method lets you watch progress. Direct sowing in a small pot or starter plug avoids handling the fragile root. A 12 to 18 hour pre-soak in room-temperature water speeds up either approach.
Most fresh seeds crack within 72 hours. Older or harder seeds can take 7 days or more. If nothing happens after 10 days in good conditions, the seed is unlikely to sprout.